安全標頭

使用安全標頭來保護您的 Web 應用程式免於常見的安全性漏洞至關重要。 此範例將示範如何在 Gin 應用程式中新增安全標頭， 以及如何避免與主機標頭注入相關的攻擊（例如 SSRF、開放式重新導向）。

package main

import (
  "net/http"

  "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
  r := gin.Default()

  expectedHost := "localhost:8080"

  // 設定安全標頭
  r.Use(func(c *gin.Context) {
    if c.Request.Host != expectedHost {
      c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "無效的主機標頭"})
      return
    }
    c.Header("X-Frame-Options", "DENY")
    c.Header("Content-Security-Policy", "default-src 'self'; connect-src *; font-src *; script-src-elem * 'unsafe-inline'; img-src * data:; style-src * 'unsafe-inline';")
    c.Header("X-XSS-Protection", "1; mode=block")
    c.Header("Strict-Transport-Security", "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains")
    c.Header("Referrer-Policy", "strict-origin")
    c.Header("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
    c.Header("Permissions-Policy", "geolocation=(),midi=(),sync-xhr=(),microphone=(),camera=(),magnetometer=(),gyroscope=(),fullscreen=(self),payment=()")
    c.Next()
  })

  r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{
      "message": "pong",
    })
  })

  r.Run() // 在 0.0.0.0:8080 上監聽並提供服務
}

您可以使用 curl 進行測試。

// 檢查標頭

curl localhost:8080/ping -I

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; connect-src *; font-src *; script-src-elem * 'unsafe-inline'; img-src * data:; style-src * 'unsafe-inline';
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Permissions-Policy: geolocation=(),midi=(),sync-xhr=(),microphone=(),camera=(),magnetometer=(),gyroscope=(),fullscreen=(self),payment=()
Referrer-Policy: strict-origin
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: DENY
X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block
Date: Sat, 30 Mar 2024 08:20:44 GMT
Content-Length: 18

// 檢查主機標頭注入

curl localhost:8080/ping -I -H "Host:neti.ee"

HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Sat, 30 Mar 2024 08:21:09 GMT
Content-Length: 31